Bank History
US Bank Events — Failures, Mergers & Enforcement
Every FDIC-insured commercial bank failure, NIC merger transformation, regulatory enforcement action, and FDIC open-bank assistance event on record — 62,634 events spanning 1934 through 2026.
4,127
Failures
FDIC-insured, since 1934
54,622
Mergers & Acquisitions
NIC transformations, since 1936
3,677
Enforcement Actions
OCC / FDIC / FRB / OTS
208
Open-Bank Assistance
Pre-failure interventions
Browse by event category
US Bank Failures
Every FDIC-insured commercial bank failure since 1934, sourced from the FDIC's failed-bank list. Each event includes the bank name, FDIC certificate, headquarters city/state, closing date, failed assets, deposits at closing, …
Bank Mergers & Acquisitions
Every US commercial bank merger, acquisition, or consolidation transformation captured in the Federal Reserve's National Information Center (NIC) since 1936. Each event links the predecessor institution to the surviving acquirer …
Bank Enforcement Actions
Public regulatory enforcement actions against US banks and individuals issued by the OCC, FDIC, Federal Reserve, and the Office of Thrift Supervision (legacy). Coverage is strongest for OCC / OTS …
FDIC Open-Bank Assistance
FDIC open-bank assistance — interventions where the agency provided support to keep an institution operating rather than resolving it through closure. The 2008 cohort captures the post-Lehman G-SIB stabilizations.
Most recent failures
| Date | Bank | City | St | Assets | Acquirer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-01-30 | METROPOLITAN CAPITAL B&T | CHICAGO | IL | $261,185,000 | FIRST INDEPENDENCE BANK |
| 2025-06-27 | SANTA ANNA NATIONAL BANK | SANTA ANNA | TX | $76,938,000 | COLEMAN COUNTY STATE BANK |
| 2025-01-17 | PULASKI SAVINGS BANK | CHICAGO | IL | $49,466,000 | MILLENNIUM BANK |
| 2024-10-18 | FIRST NB OF LINDSAY | LINDSAY | OK | $107,850,000 | FIRST BANK & TRUST CO. |
| 2024-04-26 | REPUBLIC BANK | PHILADELPHIA | PA | $5,866,190,000 | FULTON BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION |
| 2023-11-03 | CITIZENS BANK | SAC CITY | IA | $60,448,000 | IOWA TRUST & SAVINGS BANK |
| 2023-07-28 | HEARTLAND TRI-STATE BANK | ELKHART | KS | $139,446,000 | DREAM FIRST BANK,NATIONAL ASSOCIATION |
| 2023-05-01 | FIRST REPUBLIC BANK | SAN FRANCISCO | CA | $212,638,872,000 | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. |
| 2023-03-12 | SIGNATURE BANK | NEW YORK | NY | $110,363,650,000 | FLAGSTAR BANK, N.A. |
| 2023-03-10 | SILICON VALLEY BANK | SANTA CLARA | CA | $209,026,000,000 | FIRST-CITIZENS BANK & TRUST COMPANY |
Most recent mergers & acquisitions
| Date | Acquired | Acquirer | St |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-05-16 | Community Bank | HIGH PLAINS BANK | OK |
| 2026-05-16 | First State Bank of Cando | FIRST UNITED BANK | ND |
| 2026-05-16 | Home State Bank | WEST IOWA BANK | IA |
| 2026-05-15 | Bank of Lumber City | MOUNT VERNON BANK | GA |
| 2026-05-09 | RIVERLAND BANCORPORATION | OLMSTED HOLDING CORPORATION | MN |
| 2026-05-09 | Conway Bank | FIRST SECURITY BANK, THE | KS |
| 2026-05-09 | Riverland Bank | EAGLE ROCK BANK | MN |
| 2026-05-09 | NORCON FINANCIAL CORP. | OVERBROOK BANKSHARES, INC. | KS |
| 2026-05-04 | Banner Banks | BANK OF SUN PRAIRIE | WI |
| 2026-05-01 | REDBRAND CREDIT UNION | R I A FEDERAL CREDIT UNION | IL |
View all 54,622 mergers › · Browse by acquirer · Biggest by assets
Most recent enforcement actions
Activity by year (most recent 20)
| Year | Failures | Mergers | Enforcement | Assistance | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 1 | 237 | 37 | 0 | 275 |
| 2025 | 2 | 486 | 27 | 0 | 515 |
| 2024 | 2 | 386 | 26 | 0 | 414 |
| 2023 | 5 | 460 | 18 | 0 | 483 |
| 2022 | 0 | 616 | 18 | 0 | 634 |
| 2021 | 0 | 581 | 1 | 0 | 582 |
| 2020 | 4 | 535 | 0 | 0 | 539 |
| 2019 | 4 | 669 | 0 | 0 | 673 |
| 2018 | 0 | 808 | 0 | 0 | 808 |
| 2017 | 8 | 925 | 0 | 0 | 933 |
| 2016 | 5 | 938 | 0 | 0 | 943 |
| 2015 | 8 | 1,089 | 0 | 0 | 1,097 |
| 2014 | 19 | 972 | 0 | 0 | 991 |
| 2013 | 25 | 932 | 0 | 0 | 957 |
| 2012 | 51 | 845 | 0 | 0 | 896 |
| 2011 | 92 | 1,078 | 184 | 0 | 1,354 |
| 2010 | 157 | 677 | 254 | 0 | 1,088 |
| 2009 | 149 | 818 | 249 | 8 | 1,224 |
| 2008 | 30 | 1,010 | 85 | 5 | 1,130 |
| 2007 | 3 | 1,090 | 55 | 0 | 1,148 |
Sources: FDIC Failed Banks list (failures); Federal Reserve National Information Center (mergers/transformations); OCC, FDIC, Federal Reserve, and OTS public enforcement records (enforcement). Data refreshes quarterly when FFIEC publishes new filings; the most recent failure event is from Jan 2026.
Per-bank event timelines are available on every bank profile page. Browse by year ( 2026 , 2025 , 2024 , 2023 , 2022 ) or by state (Texas, California, Florida, Illinois, New York).